Paul Eltzbacher, (February 18, 1868 in Cologne to October 25, 1928 in Berlin), was a Jewish German law professor.
From 1890 to 1895 he was a junior lawyer for the regional court districts of Cologne and Frankfurt (Germany), with a year off in 1891-92 for military service. By 1899 he had attained his doctorate and set about writing a treatise upon the subject of anarchism, for which he was made a professor in 1906. After this point he limited his opinions to the area of civil rights with respect to commercial law. However, it is for his earlier writings upon the subject of anarchism that he is known today.
After World War I Eltzbacher was an adherent to Bolshevism. He suggested in his work "Der Bolschewismus und die deutsche Zukunft" (1919) that Germany's interests would be best served by adopting a Bolshevik regime. As a member of the Reichstag, Eltzbacher argued in April 1919 for complete state ownership without compensation. The Deutsche Tageszeitung newspaper dubbed Eltzbacher's new theory as National Bolshevism. Paul Eltzbacher was a brother of the author Ellis Barker, who emigrated to Great Britain and gained fame and influence as one of the most active haters of his German homeland.